Nitrogen management has to be good for best yields, but factors such as soil condition, irrigation and pest management may have greater effects on cotton yield than N rate.

We have conducted a series of experiments at Trangie, Warren, Narrabri and Moree to examine the use of shallow leading tines in conjunction with rippers. Ripper depths of 300, 450 and 600 mm have been investigated.

Cottongrowers in central Queensland (CQ) enjoy no advantage over southern counterparts in the range of insect pests that attack their crop.

Outbreaks of native budworm, Helicoverpa punctigera, often arise after egg laying by emigrant moths from distant populations.

I have been asked to address three major points: I . Why is risk management important? 2. Does a grower nee-d to know all the details of a market before he can become involved with risk management? 3.