High-yielding cotton can be grown without causing environmental damage. Most growers aim to do this but believe high levels of inputs are required, but this is not necessarily the case. High (excessive) inputs of resources (water, fertiliser, energy) reduce profitability where these resources are not optimised. Excess N fertiliser results in increased green house gas (GHG) emissions, especially nitrous oxide, which damages the cotton industry's environmentally responsible image. Excess fertiliser and water applications promote excess crop growth and reduce yield and profits. In many cases, growers can produce higher-yielding crops and increase profits by optimising fertiliser and water applications