Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton or melon aphid) is an important pest of cotton due to its ability to reduce yield through feeding damage. Until the introduction of Bt-cotton to Australia in the mid 1990s cotton aphids were considered late season secondary pest because they were suppressed by insecticides used against other pests. However, from 1998-1999 season aphids have been more troublesome initially with control failures against pirimicarb (Pirimor) and omethoate (Folimat) making sticky cotton a real possibility and subsequently nearly a decade later more failures with neonicotinoids. Chemical control failures necessitated a complete re think and modification of the aphid IRMS that is still developing and evolving to this day. The strategy is underpinned by resistance monitoring and mitigation methods based on chemical alternation and no sequential use. This is augmented by a series of adjunct methods of aphid control that help put the resistance gene(s) at a selective disadvantage. Although the newly emerged neonicotinoid resistance in cotton aphid is a serous concern the Australian cotton industry is now much better placed to cope with resistance than back in 1998-1999. With the help of good resistance management Pirimicarb (Pirimor) and omethoate (Folimat) now work and from the 2010-2011 season new chemistry called spirotetramat (Movento) will be available