The distinctive dark glands covering most of the aelial parts of the cotton plant are well known to growers.

Host plant resistance has long been a focus of the CSIRO cotton breeding program.

There are, few parasitoids which specifically attack the pupal stage. This is perhaps understandable since pupae are not readily accessible, being in the soil.

The reliance of the Australian cotton industry on insecticides for the control of insect pests represents a major economic and environmental concern. In the face of pesticide resistance in H.