Australia's primary industries and the communities that depend on them need to be sustainable, competitive and profitable now, and into the future, to secure Australia's food supplies and national prosperity. The predicted changes in the Australian climate are substantial, and the effects will vary widely across the country. Changes in temperature, rainfall, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, ocean currents and chemistry, winds, nutrient supply, and extreme weather conditions will all generate impacts and opportunities for Australian agriculture, fisheries and forestry industries.