Dryland cotton production is an important component of cropping systems in the northern grain belt. It has been a difficult crop for many growers to integrate into their existing cropping systems because of its high soil water usage, narrow planting window, long growth period, and high pesticide inputs, to name just a few factors. A number of cotton industry research projects have commenced in the last 5 years to look at different aspects of dryland cotton cropping systems. This work, in conjunction with the practical experiences of many growers who have been developing conservation farming systems over the last decade is providing some clear guidelines towards the development of sustainable cropping systems and best management practice for this section of the industry.