This project aimed to develop farming systems and extension materials and processes that support growers in producing high yielding / high fibre quality cotton more consistently, profitably and sustainably. It thereby contributes directly to the profitability and competitiveness of the industry. This has implication both on-farm but also for cotton's role in the catchment through more rational management of inputs, especially, water, pesticide, fertilizer and energy. A second contribution is to co-ordination and integration of much production related research and the linkages with myBMP.Key Outcomes: Interrogation of industry data relating management inputs to lint yield and fibre quality has demonstrated that positive changes have occurred over the past eight years. Although rates of nitrogen application continue to increase, the range of application rates has narrowed. The number of insect sprays has declined as has the number of in-crop irrigations, providing a positive image for the industry. The management factors affecting productivity and fibre quality tend to vary between seasons and regions, reflecting differences in soils and climate.The project has shown that planting date and cultivar selection has an effect on resource use efficiency and does not impact productivity, except for delayed planting.The project has also shown that there may be potential for thin biodegradable film in promoting emergence and for conserving soil moisture at planting. The benefits may be greatest for cooler regions as soil temperatures are elevated beneath the film, thereby accelerating germination and emergence.The current system of inter-cropping cotton and legumes in close proximity is not commercially feasible. The concept of spatial rotation is attractive given developments in precision agriculture, where crops can be precisely planted in the landscape. There are perceived benefits in being able to rotate cotton and legumes in the same space over time; soil physical, chemical and biological properties will change which may improve cotton root growth, water availability, nutrient supply and pest and disease resistance. There are no practical benefits at this point in time. Preliminary measures of soil strength have highlighted the possibility of subsoil compaction developing from the use of increasingly heavy harvesting equipment. Strategies need to be developed to minimise subsoil compaction and for amelioration in the long-term.An assessment on changes in soil organic carbon in three long-term experiments at ACRI was undertaken; where one has demonstrated nitrogen and carbon benefits from rotation with legumes, one has shown a benefit in soil carbon from rotations with both wheat and legumes and one the benefit from minimum tillage and including wheat in the rotation.