For a long time, pest control In the cotton industry has depended on a narrow range of broad-spectrum insecticides. However, because of increasing insecticide resistance, the future Is uncertain and alternatives are urgently required. There is a need to conserve natural control in the crop, principally parasites and predators, and exploit other biological control agents where possible. Unfortunately, most of these are vulnerable to chemicals and attempts to integrate them with chemical control are likely to be only partially successful. However, microbial insecticides In the form of microbialchemical mixtures can have a role in delaying the development of resistance.