Cotton production is an increasingly complex business requiring continuous adaptation to changing circumstances. Resilience thinking is an approach designed to understand a complex and changing operating environment and maintain capacity to manage future challenges. CRDC undertook this resilience assessment of the Australian cotton industry at multiple scales to better understand how to best adapt to change and identify critical threats and opportunities for the industry, and strategically target investment and resources. This resilience assessment is structured around the three scales of cotton production in Australia – the farm, the region and whole of industry.