The long term production of cotton it the same field often leads to low yields, even with 1:large amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertiliser. In the Macquarie Valley of NSW this is often due to soil compaction and poor soil structure (McKenzie et al, 1991). Initially, the problem was corrected by deep ripping the soil, but experiments have shown that drying the soil with crops such as wheat and safflower' can produce similar benefits (Hodgson and Chan, 1984). Rotation crops such as wheat are also used to reduce the incidence of diseases such as Verticillium wilt. In 1992, a survey of cotton growers in the Macquarie, Namoi and Gwydir Valleys was conducted to find out now widely rotations are used, which rotation crops are used, and what problems glowers had encountered with rotations. The survey found that rotation clops were widely used, but the choice of rotation crop was mainly based on convenience eg. it did not need irrigation, it could be sown late, or it was easy to sell. Many growers were interested in using legumes and other crops, but lacked the information to make sound decisions. Can legumes extract as much moisture as cereals, what soil structure benefits do they give, which crop provides the best disease break, are typical of the questions growers had about rotation crops