Seedling diseases include seed rots, pre and post emergent damping 9ff and root pruning. Numerous fungi can be responsible although Rhizoctonia sp., Pythiwn spp. and Fusarium spp. are the most important. It is sometimes difficult to separate seedling diseases from the effects of insects such as wireworms and herbicide damage. These other factors can also interact with the seedling disease pathogens to result in poor stand establishment and the costly need to replant.