In 2019, the Cotton Research and Development Corporation (CRDC) commissioned this 
research project to better understand labour issues along the Australian cotton value chain and 
to recommend strategies for the industry to explore. 

Workers’ rights in the textile and garment industries have come under increasing scrutiny from 
governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), and consumers. Labour concerns in the 
cotton value chain include poor health and safety, human rights abuses, lack of freedom of 
association, and forced and child labour. Organisations acting alone have been unable to address 
these issues, leading to ongoing exploitation of workers. While labour abuses may occur 
anywhere in the chain, the labour-intensive manufacturing parts of the Australian cotton value 
chain is an area of particular concern. 

Australian cotton enjoys a reputation as a clean, green crop grown under decent working 
conditions, however once the cotton enters global value chains, visibility is lost, and sustainable 
value is diminished. Practices occurring downstream from Australian cotton growers represent a 
risk to the industry and to its supply chain partners, including brands and retailers. Positive action 
by the cotton industry represents an opportunity to demonstrate the industry’s commitment to 
human rights and sustainability.

This Final Technical Report is a high-level summary of the project findings and a guide to the 
detailed reports and resources developed through the project