The aim of this research was to improve nitrogen use in irrigated cotton by looking at how farmers around the world are improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), and to identify what management tools and practices farm

The cotton industry relies on GM cotton expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This provides resistance to key pests of cotton, the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and the native budworm H.

Compaction caused by machinery traffic can have severe yield consequences. Compaction increases soil strength and reduces soil porosity, which hinders root growth, moisture and nutrient uptake, and plant growth.

Within cotton plants nutrients are taken up by roots and partitioned between plant structures.

Refuge crops are used in the cotton industry to dampen the expression of resistance in Helicoverpa moths, and are an integral part in the use of transgenic cotton varieties; as such it is important to confirm refuge a