At the last ACGRA conference in 1990, it was reported that the Heliothis ID project had been running for approximately six months and species specific antibodies had not yet been obtained.

It has been 9 years now since the introduction of the Summer Crop Resistance Management Strategy in 1983/84 season.

The suspected importance of pyrethroid metabolism in resistant H.armigera. made the investigation the biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance in H. armigera imperative.

The Australian Field Crops Resistance Management Strategy has been in place now for 7 seasons.