Summer Scholarship: Effects of Gibberellin and Salicylic Acid on the Resilience of Cotton Seeds During Germination Under Elevated Temperatures

Date Issued:2025-06-21

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of Gibberellin (GA) and Salicylic acid (SA) on cotton during germination at high temperatures. Extreme temperatures have made the cotton seed germination and overall crop production challengeable, particularly in heat-prone regions like the Northern Territory (NT). Seed germination is a major developmental stage which is sensitive to heat stress, and enhancing thermal tolerance via priming treatment has proven to be an efficient approach. In the present study, cotton seeds were pretreated for 24 hours with GA and SA 100 ppm solutions and a control (water). Primed seeds were allowed for germination under laboratory conditions with oven temperatures set at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. Seed germination percentage, days taken for root and shoot emergence (first,50% and final), and root and shoot lengths were recorded. The ANOVA results revealed statistically significant temperature and treatment interaction (p<0.05) on final root emergence days, all shoot emergence days, and root length. Even though, germination percentage, days taken for first and 50% root emergence, and shoot length were not statistically significant, some trends were observed. Overall, GA primed seeds resulted in the fastest root and shoot emergence across all temperatures. However, GA priming exhibited a reduction in germination percentage and root and shoot lengths at elevated temperatures. Seeds primed with SA resulted reduced germination parameters at all temperatures, which might be due to the concentration-dependent hormonal imbalances. In contrast, control outperformed both hormonal treatments. It resulted in the highest seed germination percentage, highest root and shoot lengths, and facilitated root and shoot emergence days, particularly at elevated temperatures (40-45°C). These findings concluded that hydropriming is a potential and cost-effective method to promote heat tolerance during cotton seed germination. It is recommended to conduct further research, including field-based trials with the consideration of other growth stages, to validate the results of GA and SA priming on cotton seed germination at elevated temperatures.

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