Perhaps the best way to answer this question is to firstly define what is meant by an integrated pest management (IPM) program. Basically an IPM program should - I. Provide effective control of the pest complex. 2.

Alternative technologies for insect pest control are becoming increasingly important as a result of increasing insecticide resistance in the cotton pest Helicoverpa armigera the move towards ecologically sustainable a

Damage caused by chewing and sucking pests does not necessarily lead to a yield loss in cotton.

Polymeria takeall, or Peak Downs curse, is a deep rooted, rhizomatous, perennial weed which spreads from seeds and rhizomes. It tolerates cultivation and can be spread by cultivation.

Thielaviopsis basicola is a ubiquitous soil borne fungal plant pathogen with a wide host ran e. It is the causal agent of black root rot on many agriculturally important crops such as cotton, tobacco and legumes.