The project utilized a field trial established by Auscott Pty Ltd, on a grey-brown clay at Warren in June, 1984. The trial consists of 3 replicates of the following treatments: 1. deep ripping to 45 cm, followed by discing and listing; 2. chisel ploughing to 25 cm, followed by discing and listing; 3. direct listing only, ie. minimum tillage.