This project aimed to identify means to improve nutrient use-efficiency in Australian cotton production systems and to improve soil health/fertility. The NutriLOGIC DSS provides an updated resource for cotton growers to manage soil fertility and cotton nutrition. This program provides recommendations to optimise crop nutrition through interpreting soil and plant analyses.N use-efficiency has been benchmarked and indicates the cotton industry substantially over-uses N fertiliser. The industry can safely reduce N fertiliser inputs by about 25% without reducing yield.The cotton industry can become carbon positive by adopting minimum tillage practices, by incorporating all crop stubble, by including legume crops in the rotation and reducing fallow times. Producing cotton using sustainable soil and crop management and reducing our net CO2e emissions will greatly assist marketing Australian cotton.Soil health can be improved dramatically with legume cropping. Marked improvements can be seen in the soil physical environment, chemical fertility and biological activity in those cropping systems that include legumes. For example, the cotton-vetch-fallow-cotton rotation remains the highest-yielding system and requires very little N fertiliser and therefore produces low carbon emissions.