The funds requested in the application were for Dr Christian to spend 6 weeks in the laboratory of Dr Art Mcintosh and Dr Carlo lgnoffo in Columbia Missouri, working on aspects of the project "Genetic Engineering of Heliothis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses: Pre-commercial Development" Dr Christian and Ors Mcintosh and lgnoffo have an on-going collaboration looking at various aspects of the biology and ecology of Helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (HaNPV). As part of this collaboration Dr Christian had previously spent three months in Columbia in 1992 studying aspects of the in vitro production of HaNPVs and their in vivo activity against a variety North American noctuid species. The collaboration continued further when Dr Mcintosh undertaking a six month McMaster's Fellowship in 1992/93 in the Division of Entomology to develop new cell lines from Australian Helicoverpa species